俄罗斯总统普京周日更换了国防部长，提名此前担任第一副总理的安德烈·别洛乌索夫为俄国防部长。

前国防部长谢尔盖·绍伊古被任命为俄罗斯联邦安全会议秘书。

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    Chinese research icebreaker Xuelong 2 arrives at the domestic base dock of China's polar expeditions in Waigaoqiao, Shanghai, on May 18, 2026. The vessel successfully completed all tasks of China's 42nd Antarctic expedition mission before returning to Shanghai. Photo: VCGChina's research icebreaker Xuelong 2 began its first ice station survey of its current voyage near 84 degrees north latitude in the central Arctic Ocean on Sunday, marking the start of an approximately half-month comprehensive survey of the region.
After completing the first stage of comprehensive ocean station surveys on Friday, Xuelong 2 sailed toward higher latitudes and selected a large, relatively flat piece of sea ice about 1.5 meters thick in a densely packed ice zone for its first ice station.
According to Lin Long, captain of the Xuelong 2 sea ice team, the ice station survey conducted by the vessel during this voyage will include six short-term ice stations and one long-term ice station, the Xinhua News Agency reported Sunday.
More than 20 types of scientific operations will be carried out, including the deployment of expendable ice-based buoys, snow and ice-core sampling, under-ice water sampling, sea-ice remote sensing, atmospheric profiling and under-ice oceanographic observations.
Lan Musheng, assistant to the chief scientist of the expedition, said the researchers will comprehensively monitor changes in parameters related to the atmosphere, sea ice, upper ocean and ecological processes beneath the ice as the sea ice melts.
The observations will provide scientific data for studying the rapid changes in Arctic sea ice, the mechanisms behind those changes and the evolution of Arctic ecosystems.
The ice station work is part of China's 16th Arctic Ocean scientific expedition, which was organized by the Ministry of Natural Resources. The expedition set sail from Dalian, Northeast China's Liaoning Province on July 3.
The mission is being carried out by four vessels - Xuelong, Xuelong 2, Jidi and Tansuo-3 - and is expected to be completed in early October. 
The expedition is focusing on comprehensive surveys of sea ice, hydrology, biology, ecology and the atmospheric environment in key areas of the Arctic Ocean.
The two icebreakers Xuelong and Xuelong 2 will work together on the ice station surveys. Xuelong completed surveys at 12 ice stations on Friday.
Lin said the ice station locations planned for Xuelong 2 will work in coordination with those of Xuelong to form an observation array. 
The arrangement will allow researchers to more deeply investigate the interactions among the atmosphere, sea ice and ocean in the central Arctic Ocean amid rapid environmental changes, as well as their coupling effects with the ecosystem.
The expedition is being conducted against a backdrop of rapid changes in the Arctic environment. 
When the mission was launched in July, expedition leader Wang Jinhui said that global warming was driving rapid and profound changes in the Arctic natural environment, with trends such as sea-ice melting intensifying.
The expedition is therefore designed not only to monitor environmental changes but also to investigate frontier scientific questions, including the dynamic evolution of the oceanic crust. 
Working on sea ice also presents significant safety challenges. Low temperatures and complex ice-surface conditions can pose risks to researchers, while polar bears are considered the biggest safety risk during ice station operations.
The expedition team has therefore formulated specific bear-prevention and emergency response plans and equipped personnel with various types of bear-deterrence equipment and emergency supplies to ensure their safety.
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现年65 岁的别洛乌索夫（上图右者，左为绍伊古），于 1959 年 3 月 17 日出生于莫斯科。

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1981年至1986年，别洛乌索夫在苏联中央经济数学研究所人机系统模拟实验室担任见习研究员，后升任初级研究员。

1991年至2006年，他担任俄罗斯科学院经济预测研究所实验室主任。

2000 年，别洛乌索夫被任命为俄罗斯总理的“编外顾问”。6年后，他加入俄罗斯经济部并担任副部长。

2012 年，他被任命为经济部长。2013 年至 2020 年，他是俄罗斯总统普京的顾问。

2020 年起，他担任内阁第一副总理。2020 年，在总理米舒斯京感染新冠肺炎期间，别洛乌索夫短暂代理总理职务。

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俄罗斯媒体 RBC报道称，别洛乌索夫是说服普京相信数字经济和区块链对未来至关重要的官员之一。

五 | 报道还称，他没有在军队服过役，但和普京总统一样，别洛乌索夫也是一名武术爱好者，年轻时曾练习空手道和俄罗斯格斗运动“桑搏”。

克里姆林宫发言人佩斯科夫周日表示，普京决定让一名文职人员担任国防部长，是认为国防部应该“对创新和前沿思想持开放态度”。他说，俄罗斯现在越来越像上世纪 80 年代中期的苏联，当时的 GDP 很大一部分都用于军费开支。因此，有必要确保军费开支更好地与俄罗斯整体经济相融合，此前担任第一副总理的别洛乌索夫正是这一职位的合适人选。佩斯科夫补充道：“谁对创新更加开放，谁就能在战场上取得胜利。”

媒体同样关注到，这是普京开始第五个任期的内阁改组，而绍伊古是名单上唯一被替换的部长。

媒体普遍认为，这与绍伊古的副手蒂穆尔·伊万诺夫上个月因受贿罪被捕有关。伊万诺夫被勒令继续拘留，等待官方调查。

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还有一件被媒体广泛提及的事是，2023 年，绍伊古与当时的瓦格纳集团首领普里戈任曾公开发生争执，后者不满绍伊古在指挥战事上的表现。

英国广播公司（BBC）报道说，其实绍伊古也不是军人出身。他是一名土木工程师，20 世纪 90 年代因出任紧急救灾部部长声名鹊起。尽管他本身没有军队服役经历，但因为救灾队吸收了军事化的民防部队，在这份工作上的成功表现使他获得了将军头衔。

绍伊古与普京总统关系一度非常密切，他曾经带普京到家乡西伯利亚钓鱼。（如下图）

佩斯科夫周日表示，此次改组不会影响俄罗斯在乌克兰的军事行动，“这一直是总参谋长的职责”，目前担任俄军总参谋长的格拉西莫夫将军将继续留任。

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普京周日免去了尼古拉·帕特鲁舍夫的安全会议秘书职务，表示另有任用。据塔斯社报道，佩斯科夫表示，除了领导安全会议之外，绍伊古还将代表普京参加负责监督该国军事工业综合体的军事工业委员会。佩斯科夫介绍称，绍伊古经常访问这些军工企业，并且非常了解每个企业的生产进度。